Subversion of Yugoslavia

After the death of Josip Tito in May 1980, the difficulties of maintaining federal unity became more apparent in the context of economic turmoil and ethnic tensions. Throughout the 1980s, the republics that constituted the Federation, empowered by the 1974 Constitution, began to act almost independently in economic and political matters. The increasing debt burden made it necessary to implement profound reforms in line with the economic stability program from 1983 onwards.

Political demonstrations and protests, starting in Kosovo in 1981 (also known as the 1981 Kosovo protests), eventually spread to other republics as well. The strained relations between the republics led to instability in party and government structures, resulting in frequent changes in government. Particularly, the conflict that emerged between Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia, combined with the winds of change sweeping through Eastern Europe in the late 1980s, led to attempts at significant regime reforms. In 1989, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank provided Yugoslavia's government with loans under devastating conditions, aiming to bankrupt Yugoslavia. The problems encored which showed up in the 1980s stirred up new troubles in Yugoslavia. Therefore, the admiration was trying to break one's connections with federal management, there was political instability in Yugoslavia because of the effects the admiration had to face with aggression. Concerned about the centralized structure imposed on the entire Yugoslavia by Serbia’s hardline President Slobodan Milošević, Slovenia amended the constitution. The amendment stated that Slovenia’s destiny would be determined solely by the Slovenian National Assembly and that, if necessary, the region could decide to secede from the federation. This amendment led to protests in Serbia and the Serbian government imposing a Trade boycott on Slovenia. In January 1991, to prevent and abort the aggressions in the government the Collective Presidency arranged a meeting with leaders of the Sic Republic (Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia–Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, and Macedonia) to establish a new federation. However, the Collective Presidency and six leaders of the republic came up with nothing of the meeting.

On June 25, 1991, the process of dissolution and the accompanying conflicts began in Yugoslavia when Slovenia and Croatia declared their independence. Two days later, The Yugoslav Army launched an attack on Slovenia. After a while, a ceasefire was achieved through the initiative of the European Economic Community, and the parliaments of Croatia and Slovenia suspended their independence decisions. Following the defeat of the army, the Croatian army commanders denied any involvement in the Slovenian War and held the military command responsible for the conflict. This war tarnished the reputation of the Yugoslav Army in the eyes of the international community.

In April 2002, the Yugoslav Parliament decided to hand over anyone accused of committing war crimes to the International Criminal Tribunal. In March of the same year, Serbia and Montenegro implemented a regulation that loosened their unity. With this arrangement, the country, formerly known as the "Federal Republic of Yugoslavia," changed its name to "Serbia and Montenegro" starting in February 2003. On June 3, 2006, Montenegro declared its independence, followed by Serbia two days later, effectively ending the existence of Serbia and Montenegro.

After Serbia and Montenegro became two separate independent states, the remaining autonomous regions within Yugoslavia, Kosovo, and Vojvodina remained within the territory of Serbia. Following the unilateral declaration of independence by Kosovo in 2008, separating from Serbian administration, Vojvodina remained the only region with autonomous status.

As a result of the Subversion of Yugoslavia, new independent states emerged. Countries such as Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, North Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia were established as independent nations. Also, the Subversion of Yugoslavia caused many people to become refugees and such crises occurred in Europe due to the subversion.